Whooping cough, or pertussis, isn’t just a childhood illness—it can affect adults too. A key symptom is the distinct high-pitched “whooping” sound. This occurs when the vocal cords suddenly close as the person gasps for air after a long coughing spell.
Not all adults will make this sound. Some experience relentless coughing fits without the characteristic whoop. Spotting these signs early is critical for getting treatment, managing symptoms, and preventing the spread to others.
Symptoms: It’s More Than Just a Cough
In adults, whooping cough often begins subtly, mimicking a cold. Early signs include:
- A runny nose
- Mild fever
- Occasional cough
After about one to two weeks, things escalate. Severe coughing fits emerge, often leading to:
- Exhaustion after bouts of coughing
- Vomiting due to the force of the coughs
- The characteristic “whoop” sound, though not always present in adults
Some adults might also notice sore ribs from the sheer intensity of the coughing.
Transmission: How Does It Spread?
Whooping cough spreads quickly through tiny droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Adults are most contagious starting about six days after infection and remain so for up to three weeks of the coughing phase. Taking a five-day course of antibiotics can significantly lower the risk of spreading the illness.
Babies under six months are at the highest risk since they’re too young for full vaccination. Adults in close contact with infants should stay alert and take precautions to prevent transmission.
The Danger Zone: Why Adults Shouldn’t Ignore It
Source : American Lung Association
While most adults recover without serious complications, whooping cough isn’t harmless. Prolonged coughing can lead to:
- Broken ribs
- Hernias
- Urinary incontinence
The greater concern is for vulnerable groups. Adults with asthma, pregnant women, and those in close contact with infants face higher risks. They’re more likely to experience complications or spread the illness to those for whom it could be life-threatening.
Diagnosing Whooping Cough in Adults
Diagnosing whooping cough can be challenging since early symptoms mimic common colds. Doctors may use:
- Symptom Review: Checking for cold-like symptoms that progress to severe coughing.
- Physical Exam: Listening for the “whoop” sound or noting signs like vomiting or exhaustion after coughing.
- Lab Tests: Using nasal swabs or blood tests to detect Bordetella pertussis.
An early and accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment and stopping the spread.
Treatment: What Can Be Done?
Once diagnosed, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing the spread. Common approaches include:
- Antibiotics: Most effective in early stages, they help reduce symptoms and limit contagiousness.
- Supportive Care: Staying hydrated, resting, and using a humidifier can ease discomfort.
- Severe Cases: Hospitalization may be needed for serious complications like breathing pauses (apnea).
Early treatment can speed up recovery and lower the risk of complications.
Prevention: Vaccination Is Key
The best defense against whooping cough is prevention. Vaccination is highly effective and recommended for:
- Children: The DTaP vaccine is part of standard childhood immunizations.
- Adults: Tdap booster shots are vital, especially for those around newborns.
Boosters are often overlooked but are essential to maintain immunity and stop outbreaks.
Quick Facts: Whooping Cough by the Numbers
- Incubation Period: Symptoms usually appear 5–10 days after exposure but can take up to 21 days.
- Duration: Coughing fits can persist for weeks, earning it the nickname “100-day cough.”
- Contagiousness: People are infectious from six days after exposure until three weeks of coughing unless treated with antibiotics.
- Infant Risk: Babies under six months face the highest risk of severe complications, including pneumonia and apnea.
When to Seek Help
If a cough lasts more than a week and comes with vomiting or exhaustion, it’s time to see a doctor. Early treatment helps ease symptoms and prevents spreading the illness, especially to infants.
The best defenses against this respiratory illness are vaccination, awareness, and timely care.